Stephan, Andreas - Centre for Competition Policy, University of East Anglia - 2005
Although the 1996 'Notice on the non-imposition or reduction of fines in cartel cases' has been criticised by academics … assessment of horizontal cartel cases in the EC opened as a result of leniency applications under the 1996 notice. Nearly three … other by virtue of the same firms' involvement in more than one cartel, and all failed or ceased to operate before being …