Microbial risk assessment (MRA) is a process that evaluates the likelihood of adverse human health effects following exposure to a medium in which pathogens are present. Several different classes of models are available to quantitatively characterize risks to human health from exposure to...

Transportation plays a significant role in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, accounting for approximately a third of the United States’ inventory. In order to reduce CO2 emissions in the future, transportation policy makers are looking to make vehicles more efficient and increasing the use...