Recent experience in civil litigation, particularly with opt-out class actions against corporations for competition law … PACCAR case has created uncertainty in the third-party litigation funding market, upon which these class actions rely. Given … to enable individuals to enforce consumer protection law through opt-out class actions. This would avoid the current …

to obtain economies of scale. We show that class actions, and the firms' incentive to block them, may or may not be …

litigant, (2) damages limited to harm to a group available in aggregate litigation, such as class actions, and (3) damages …