Algeria’s report on the Observance of Standards and Codes reviews the Fiscal Transparency Module. The Bank of Algeria (BA) does not apply multicurrency practices and does not require import deposits and there are, therefore, no quasi-fiscal activities in exchange regime-related...

Does the choice of exchange rate regime affect the way an economy's adjustment to real shocks? Exploiting the randomness of natural shocks, this paper assesses empirically the often contrasting answers found in the theoretical literature. The evidence supports key themes in this literature, and...

The changes of the European regulatory space propose new questions concerning the identity and the liability of regulators. The increasing use of self-regulation, co-regulation and delegated self-regulation in different fields have empowered private regulators. They have been playing an...

In several agrifood sectors in Europe, firms and producers?' organizations involved in quality labelling based on official certification have been repeatedly criticized or even condemned by antitrust authorities for anti-competitive practices. This raises the question of the compatibility...

One of the most controversial issues of dispute settlement mechanism of the World Trade Organization is whether panels and the Appellate Body may accept and consider unsolicited submissions they receive from entities not a party or third party to the dispute. This question is closely linked to...

Rwanda is making important choices concerning budget processes. A program-oriented budget framework is now used. A new Constitution, adopted in May 2003, has made some important choices concerning the public management system, including the balance of power between the executive and the...