Child penalties in labour market outcomes are well-documented: after childbirth, mothers’ employment and earnings drop persistently compared to fathers. Beyond gender norms, a potential driver could be the loss in labour market skills due to mothers’ longer employment interruptions. This...

We document the long-run labor market consequences of youth bully victimization using NLSY97 data. Career outcomes measured at ages 19-40 account for life cycle bias. Victims exhibit lower earnings, lower job satisfaction and hold less-complex occupations. Fewer hours worked and shorter job...