We explore to what extent key functions in manufacturing are spatially clustered with, or dispersed from,each other within industries, and how these clustering or dispersion patterns have changed during recent decades. Estimating the levels and changes (1992–2007) of localizations and...

The article questions the reasons explaining the localized character of innovative firms? founding. Based on an in-depth qualitative field study reconstructing the founding mechanisms of German biotechnology firms, it demonstrates that localized knowledge spillovers ? which are frequently...

Coordination steaming from negative dimensions of geographical proximity is mostly viewed under the angle of conflicts. Nevertheless, land use conflicts ? and their counterpart in terms of dialogue ? are not the only means of action for co-localized agents. Strategies of relocation or...