This paper studies the effect of settlement and mortality on the growth of African financial markets using the mediation of institutions over the period 1996-2017. A comparative result is based on two types of data bases. Firstly, the Acemoglu et al.'s (2001) database and the Albouy's (2006)...

How deep are the roots of Latin America's economic inequalities? In this chapter we survey both the history and the literature about the region's extreme economic disparities, focusing on the most recent academic contributions. We begin by documenting the broad patterns of national and...