, whereby Article 31bis was included in its text. This provision allows compulsory licensing for exports to third countries with … production infrastructure so that they can make effective use of compulsory licensing and thus strengthen access to medicines at … into the national patent law the concept of humanitarian compulsory licensing. …

experiences of Thailand and India in implementing TRIPS and using TRIPS flexibilities such as compulsory licensing to ensure …

), competition law and access to affordable life-saving treatments and vaccines. Compulsory licensing of patented medicines is a … prohibition and the main case law of European competition law on the matter and discusses whether compulsory licensing as a remedy … paper offers policy recommendations relating to compulsory licensing based on excessive pricing. …