the computer channel. In this paper, we examine the extent to which smartphones substitute for or complement computers. We … utilize unique panel data on individuals’ smartphone and computer usage, which contain detailed information on all domains and … computer usage, we exploit the panel nature of the data and additionally employ instrumental variables. We instrument for …

The development of self-learning and independent computers has long captured our imagination. The HAL 9000 computer, in … the competitive landscape and the nature of competitive restraints. As pricing mechanisms shift to computer pricing …