Traffic modeling of communication networks such as the Internet has become a very important field of research. A number of interesting phenomena are found in measurements and traffic simulations. One of them is the propagation of congestion waves opposite to the main packet flow direction. The...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss what “online” means in 2006. Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines items in the popular press on this issue. Findings – The paper finds that online means anything digital, from any source, at any time. Originality/value –...