The no‐intermediate storage flowshop scheduling problem is investigated. Six algorithms for solving this problem are developed and evaluated in terms of the quality and efficiency of the solutions they produce. Comparative test results from the application of these scheduling algorithms are...

The design of systems by end users using 4 GLs was examined in seven organisations. Topics researched were reasons for 4GL adoption, systems design approaches, end‐user direct involvement and business issues raised by 4GLs. Results showed that very few end users directly used any of the 4GLs...