In Peer-to-Peer (P2P) media distribution, users obtain content from other users who already have it. This form of decentralized product distribution demonstrates several unique features. Only a small fraction of users in the network are queried when a potential adopter seeks a file and many of...

Some viruses exploit the features and capabilities of computer networks to spread, operate and damage network environments. For example, the virus may copy itself to other computers in the network or may increase network activities congesting the network traffic. The conventional anti-viruses...

A wireless sensor node is self-assured by a processor, local memory, sensors, radio, battery and a base station accountable for receiving and processing data collected by the nodes. They carry out cooperative activities due to limited resources and nowadays, the applications of these networks...

The amount of water evaporated from the soil surface and lost through transpiration of the crop is collectively called evapotranspiration. With drip irrigation, evaporation from the soil is minimized, particularly in plastic mulch production systems, leaving crop transpiration as the main...