As the courier, express and parcel (CEP) market has grown rapidly in recent years, shipment packaging has also shifted from classic cuboid cardboards to mixed-mail, typically with flexible plastic or paper packaging. Despite being cost-effective and spaceefficient, the physical characteristics...

Background: Traditional procurement and price negotiation methods in public hospitals in Thailand involve group purchasing agreements and bulk orders, posing challenges to improving inventory management efficiency. The vendor-managed inventory (VMI) model is a promising alternative for enhancing...

The study sought to determine the role of vendor-managed inventory and form postponement in mitigating against the bullwhip effect in the bakery industry. The bullwhip effect is referred to as demand distortions along the upstream supply chain that is caused by variances between supply and...

Nowadays, companies are collaborating and forming supply chain partnerships under a certain scheme, such as a vendor-managed inventory scheme. The collaboration increases the supply chain’s visibility, which leads to cost efficiency. It may also contribute to enhancing the supply chain’s...

Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) contracts are anchored on a fill rate at which the vendor is expected to meet the end-customer demands. Violations of this contracted fill rate due to excess and insufficient inventory are both penalized, often in a linear, but asymmetric manner. To minimize these...

The inventory routing problem arises when inventory management and vehicle routing decisions are integrated instead of treated as separate problems. The technique of combining such decisions could lead to solutions that are better than merging the optimal solutions of the smaller subproblems....