Nowadays, companies are collaborating and forming supply chain partnerships under a certain scheme, such as a vendor-managed inventory scheme. The collaboration increases the supply chain’s visibility, which leads to cost efficiency. It may also contribute to enhancing the supply chain’s...

Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) contracts are anchored on a fill rate at which the vendor is expected to meet the end-customer demands. Violations of this contracted fill rate due to excess and insufficient inventory are both penalized, often in a linear, but asymmetric manner. To minimize these...

The inventory routing problem arises when inventory management and vehicle routing decisions are integrated instead of treated as separate problems. The technique of combining such decisions could lead to solutions that are better than merging the optimal solutions of the smaller subproblems....

Purpose For the supply chain to be responsive in the age of globalization, the firm needs to adopt strategies to enable them to meet the changing market needs. Thus, it is essential to adopt automatic replenishment programmes such as vendor-managed inventory (VMI). This study sought to examine...