By May 2020, fossil fuel dominated the energy source in Indonesia by generating 85% of the electricity. The government has targeted 23% of renewables in the national energy mix by 2025, but until 2020 the achievement was only 11.51%. The main obstacle is the relatively low electricity price that...

The estimates used to value mortality risk reductions are a major determinant of the benefits of many public health and environmental policies. These estimates (typically expressed as the value per statistical life, VSL) describe the willingness of those affected by a policy to exchange their...

We propose a novel extension of existing semi-parametric approaches to examine spatial patterns of willingness to pay (WTP) and status quo effects, including tests for global spatial autocorrelation, spatial interpolation techniques, and local hotspot analysis. We formally account for the fact...

Perceived fairness may affect people’s willingness to pay (WTP). In this study, an online survey with random experiments reveals that perceived fairness has a significant positive impact on consumers’ WTP for cleaner raw water (WTP1) and their WTP for tap water meeting higher water quality...

Adverse consequences of climate change often affect people and places far away from those that have the greatest capacity for mitigation. Several correlational and some experimental studies suggest that the willingness to take mitigation actions may diminish with increasing distance. However,...