Flexibility is of great interest to policy makers and in the popular policy debate, unions are believed to be a main impediment to achieving it. However, these beliefs are not based on firm empirical foundations. Using a new dataset on U.S. three digit manufacturing industries from 1971 - 1994,...

There is growing interest in recent years in the economic dimensions of civil wars and other violent social conflicts. This paper discusses some of the conceptual and methodological problems associated with assessing the economic costs of such conflicts, and presents an evaluation of the costs...