The costs associated with electricity generation include costs that are independent of their marginal output, including the cost of starting their units, and constraints such as minimum generation levels. Modelling these costs and constraints requires integer formulation of the units, and so...

This paper considers the effect of the internalization of the costs of point source pollution and congestion by Cournot duopolists in a linear city. The central agglomeration of Cournot duopolists in a linear city is well known. However, this paper shows that even under the condition in which...