This paper analyzes the provisions of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) on industrial designs, and the manner in which the narrow aspects dealt with by the Agreement have been addressed by European Union (EU) legislation. The paper...

In today’s digitally interconnected world, copyright infringement frequently crosses national borders, presenting complex legal challenges for effective enforcement of intellectual property rights in general, and copyright in particular. This paper examines the challenges associated with...

The rapid integration of generative AI (GenAI) into industries and society has prompted a re-evaluation of copyright and intellectual property rights (IPR) frameworks. GenAI's ability to produce original content using data from human-created sources raises critical ethical and legal concerns....

Developed with intellectual property (IP) practitioners in national judicial authorities in mind, this report aims to provide a better understanding of how criminal infringements of copyrights are legislated and enforced across Member States of the European Union. Its focus are online criminal...

On 1 August 2024, the EU Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) came into force after a difficult road. Originally conceived purely as a product safety law, the regulation has developed in reaction to public debate to include the protection of copyright used to train generative AI models...

Human-created works represent critical data inputs to artificial intelligence (AI). Strategic behaviour can play a major role for AI training datasets, be it in limiting access to existing works or in deciding which types of new works to create or whether to create new works at all. We examine...