More and more countries and economic regions are applying the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonized System Convention). This article examines in the update 2011 the new countries that are using the worldwide uniform language of trade since 2007 and 2008 and that are...

Despite being an agreement designed for the fastest developing sectors, the signatories of the Information Technology Agreement (ITA) in the World Trade Organization (WTO) have so far failed to re-negotiate the coverage of the ITA (concluded in 1996) due to a longstanding dispute amongst its...

Although the InformationTechnologyAgreement (ITA) in theWorldTrade Organization (WTO) is a sector agreement tailored for the fast-moving ICT industry, the signatories have failed to re-negotiate its scope since 1996. In the meantime, the digital economy has reshaped the industry with emergence...

Despite being an agreement designed for the fastest developing sectors, the signatories of the Information Technology Agreement (ITA) in the World Trade Organization (WTO) have so far failed to re-negotiate the coverage of the ITA (concluded in 1996) due to a longstanding dispute amongst its...

More and more countries and economic regions are applying the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonized System Convention). This paper examines, in the update 2009, the new countries which are using the worldwide uniform language of trade since 2007 and 2008 and which are...

More and more countries and economic regions are applying the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonized System Convention). This paper examines, in the update 2009, the new countries which are using the worldwide uniform language of trade since 2007 and 2008 and which are...

The fundamental rule for the classifi cation of goods into a customs tariff which comply with the Harmonized System for the description and coding of goods (HS) are the terms of headings and the notes according to General Rule 1 (GR 1). However, the notes and subheading notes are written...

More than 200 countries and economic regions worldwide are using the nomenclature of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonized System Convention: HS) and basing customs tariffs thereon. The number of HS headings (four-digit code) and HS subheadings (six-digit code) is...

More than 200 countries and economic regions worldwide are using the nomenclature of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonized System Convention, HS) and are basing their customs tariffs thereon. The number of HS headings (four-digit-code) and HS-subheadings...

New gaps are emerging worldwide in all customs tariffs that are using the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonized System Convention) following the technical revision as of 1 January 2007. Thirty-four headings are not in use for the next four to five years. This...