organize cross-border drug trafficking by exploiting legitimate infrastructure. Despite postal services becoming inadvertent …-country nature. This paper conducts a systematic scoping review to explore three primary questions: (1) how drug trafficking through …

EU Drug Market: MDMA describes the European MDMA market from production to trafficking, distribution and use. It …

light of drug market and policy developments since 2012. As part of this reassessment, we question some of the assumptions … special issue and then sketches some of the key drug market developments on the continent since. Third, it discusses the major … unchanged problem with drug markets in Africa, i.e. the lack of data. We end by considering the major difference since 2012: a …

development. On the other hand, conditions of unemployment and poverty foster expansion of illegal drug markets. In this study, I … illegal drug market as a response to the failure of state-led development. The study is based on 31 in-depth interviews with … male retail drug dealers in Nigeria. Findings revealed various ways the participants framed retail drug trade in connection …

EU Drug Market: Heroin and other opioids describes the European opioids market from production and trafficking to … State level. This resource is a module of EU Drug Markets: In-depth analysis, the fourth comprehensive overview of illicit … drug markets in the European Union by the EMCDDA and Europol. …

The illicit drug trade generates billions of dollars and sustains transnational criminal organisations. Drug markets … can destabilise governance and undermine development. Data indicate increasing drug use in South Africa. However …, information on the size and value of the drug market is limited. This is the first study to estimate the market value of cocaine …