At the beginning of the 20th century, there was an active debate about random selection of units versus purposive selection of groups of units for survey samples. Neyman's (1934) paper tilted the balance strongly towards varieties of probability sampling combined with design-based inference, and...

Survey statisticians have been dealing with the issues of nonresponse in sample surveys for many years. Due to the complex nature of the mechanism, so far it has not been easy to find a general solution to this problem. In this paper, several aspects of this topic will be elaborated on: the...