In this paper we propose a method for finding the reference set of a decision making unit (DMU), without chasing down all alternative optimal solutions of the envelopment form, which is a strong degenerate problem. The reference set is useful as a benchmark for an inefficient DMU, for...

The paper uses DEA techniques to estimate technical, pure technical, and scale efficiency, using an input orientation for Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) banks for the period 1993–2002. The paper highlighted several interesting findings regarding the GCC banking market. First, smaller...

This note generalizes analytical relationships among activity variables of DEA models previously derived by Boussemart, Briec and Leleu (2007). We relax the asumption of constant returns to scale by showing that the key results hold under a weaker asumption of homogeneity. We use the notion of...