A country's tourism sector plays an essential role in the nation's economy and aids in globalization. With the advanced technological establishments, this sector becomes more promising for economic growth. However, the connection of tourism development to environmental effects cannot be denied....

This article uses a nonparametric production frontier approach to investigate the operating efficiency differences by the impacts of capital expenditure and business model in the global semiconductor industry. Handling the impact of capital expenditure as a fixed input by the directional...