Information processing has been defined as “the change (processing) of information in any manner detect- able by an observer, a process that describes everything that happens in the universe, from the falling of a rock to the printing of a text file from a digital computer system.” Human...

Always-listening devices like smart speakers, smartphones, and other voice-activated technologies create enough privacy problems when working correctly. But these devices can also misinterpret what they hear, and thus accidentally record their surroundings without the consent of those they...

When using digital devices and services, individuals provide their personal data to organizations in exchange for gains in various domains of life. Organizations use these data to run technologies such as smart assistants, augmented reality, and robotics. Most often, these organizations seek to...

In the era of digital markets, companies are able to collect an unprecedented amount of personal information about their customers. With big data increasingly being employed in all areas of the economy, competition authorities face the question of how prominently data are to feature in...

Big Data is linked to cloud computing because this is the most effective way to utilize Big Data. There are numerous legal implications when moving information around on the web. These include, but are not limited to, privacy, copyright, and regulation

This article discusses the relationship between privacy and confidentiality, the different forms of privacy, including informational privacy, the contrast with confidentiality as ownership of trade secrets, privacy compared with defamation, publicity rights and merchandising as the ownership of...

There are increasingly many digital alternatives to physical cash as basic means of payment, many of these offered by non-financial private sector actors. While such a trend towards a cashless society brings the convenience of digital payments to users and can encourage innovation in financial...

Central banks and governments all over the world are increasingly exploring digital versions of fiat money, known as retail Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). Most initiatives rely on Distributed Ledger Technologies and are presented as alternatives to physical cash. Consequently,...