We survey large-scale cryptocurrency thefts over the past decade, estimating the total value of stolen cryptocurrencies. We find that depending on the timing of when the cryptocurrency was converted to fiat, the stolen amounts are valued between $7 to $88 billion, with longer cryptocurrency...

Background: Blockchain is a digitally managed, distributed, and decentralized ledger used to record transactions in an immutable format. Its characteristics in providing trust, transparency, and traceability make it attractive for applications where transactions are involved. Originally intended...