Tokenization is a relatively new activity in digital finance. The standard features and characteristics of assets and securities can be enhanced by tokenization, a process that creates a blockchain representation of the underlying instrument. Asset and security tokenization produces many...

This paper explores how issues and malfeasances relating to cybersecurity and cyber fraud differ based on gender, primarily focusing on women in relation to use of mobile-phone centric digital financial services (DFS) in developing countries in Africa and South Asia.We find that women within the...

Constant cyber threats result in: intellectual property loss; data disruption; ransomware attacks; theft of valuable company intellectual property and sensitive customer information. During March 2022, The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued a proposed rule addressing Cybersecurity...

A working knowledge of cybersecurity by high-level stakeholders is necessary for the effective management of complex digital infrastructures. High-level stakeholders within state government must strengthen cybersecurity platforms and prepare for the consequences of inevitable failures. This...

This study investigates whether auditors’ experiences with their clients’ cybersecurity incidents affect their subsequent audit efforts with non-breached clients and help these clients reduce cybersecurity risks. Using data from the Audit Analytics Cybersecurity database and the Privacy...

To design and apply effective countermeasures to hacking and related threats, it helps to have some way to structure one’s educated guesses and inferences about hackers’ current activities and future moves. This is especially the case when the decision-maker must consider not only the risk...

Data breach incidents result in severe financial loss and reputational damage, which raises the importance of using insurance to manage and mitigate cyber related risks. We analyze data breach chronology collected by Privacy Rights Clearinghouse (PRC) since 2001 and propose a Bayesian...

Cyber attacks can impair banks operations and precipitate bank runs. When digital infrastructure is shared, banks defend themselves by investing in cybersecurity but can free-ride on the security measures of others. Ex ante free-riding by banks interacts with the ex post coordination frictions...

Motivated by the SEC’s new proposal to require firms to publicly disclose their cybersecurity incidents within four days of discovery, we study whether there are trade-offs with mandating a disclosure deadline for cybersecurity incidents. In the U.S., state-level data breach disclosure laws...