Blockchain technology promises a revolution across the majority of industries by eliminating the need for a costly intermediary to assure trust among the parties in two sides of a transaction. Many industries, including banking, insurance and healthcare, have already deployed blockchain-based...

Banking sectors plays a critical role in modern society and enables a range of applications from infrastructure to social media. In this study, we discuss the current status and future directions as three emerging key technologies (Artificial Intelligence, Block chain, Cloud computing) will...

We live in a networked world with a fast pace of digitalization, and yet about half of the humanity is still offline (United Nations, 2018). Information and communication technologies are playing a key role in our public and private lives, both during work- and playtime. No wonder that social...

This article analyses the crucial role of user data for digital markets contestability and presents policy proposals devised to address growing concerns about the dominance of data-rich incumbents in digital markets. To this end, we discuss a data-driven theory of harm that would warrant ex-ante...

The first decades of the 21st century have been characterized by the growth of digital trade fueled by new business models based on cross-border data flows. With data taking a central role in the digital economy, governments and their constituents have become increasingly concerned about the...

This paper examines the dispersion in cybersecurity risk across firms. Using new, proprietary data on the Fortune 500 firms, We show that higher productivity firms exhibit abnormal returns. We subsequently document three new facts: (a) higher productivity firms have fewer cybersecurity...

The aim of this paper is to analyze how effective internal audit of cybersecurity is. We developed a Cybersecurity Audit Index composed of three dimensions (planning, performing and reporting) to address this question. We hypothesize that CSA effectiveness is positively related to cyber risk...

This work investigates whether several types of blockchains could fall under the scope of application of the database-directive (DBD). It starts with a technical chapter which explains blockchain-technology in order to provide the reader with the necessary background information. Two...

In an earlier work entitled Regulating Cybersecurity, I argued that cyber defense should be understood not just as a matter for law enforcement and the armed forces, but as a regulatory problem in need of regulatory solutions. This companion article proposes a series of market-based responses to...