This open access book proposes a conceptual framework for understanding measurement across a broad range of scientific fields and areas of application, such as physics, engineering, education, and psychology. It addresses contemporary issues and controversies within measurement in light of the...

Chapter 1. Introduction: Scientific Journey into a Strange Paradigm -- Part I From Logic to Circular Causality -- Chapter 2. Events, Patterns, and Structure -- Chapter 3. Equilibrium, Resilience, and Emergence -- Chapter 4. Prediction, Butterfly Effect, and Decision Making -- Part II Describing...

Non-Equilibrium Social Science & Policy -- Economics -- Social Psychology and Narrative Economy -- Sociology and Non-Equilibrium Social Science -- Geography far from Equilibrium -- Cities in Disequilibrium -- The Evolutionary Theory of Globalization -- Systems, Networks, and Policy -- Towards a...

Why do policies and strategies often fail, and what can be done about it? How can complexity be managed in cases where it cannot be reduced? The answers to these questions are anything but trivial, and can only be found by combining insights from complexity science, system dynamics, system...