Pension entitlements are influenced by individual career paths and labor market conditions, which often result in gender-based disparities. Women face several challenges during their working lives, such as late entry into the labor market, the gender pay gap, discontinuous working careers, and...

In this study, we investigate the relationship between liquidity changes and stock returns in the Japanese stock market. The results confirm that stocks with increased liquidity have higher stock returns than those with decreased liquidity. This phenomenon indicates that the market under-reacts...

Noting the rising importance of international trade in global warming, this study proposes a new decomposition of carbon productivity by dividing it into the part of true carbon productivity (consumption-based labor productivity and population-sustaining power of CO2) and the part with zero-sum...