On the basis of five balance variables in bank balances (total assets, deposits, capital, operating income, and loans), the Hirschman–Herfindahl indices for period 2016–2021 (I–IX) are calculated. The indices values are decomposed by the Bajo and Salas approach, and the impacts of number...

China's high growth since the 1990s has been accompanied by the continuous increase in the supply of skilled labor, which naturally makes one question whether China's skill premium has also increased like some developed countries. Due to the lack of official statistics, we first utilize the...

Are stock valuation ratios mainly informative about future earnings growth or future returns? Using a variance decomposition, we find that over 70% of cross-sectional variation in price-earnings ratios is reflected in cross-sectional differences in future returns, while less than 30% is...

Strategies for absolute reductions of resource use are required to address the multiple environmental crisis. We herein investigate, what the material footprint indicator (MF), used to monitor progress towards UN Sustainable Development Goals 8 and 12, shows but also hides about material flows...

This study divides health care expenditures into observable effects and structural shifts to explore the impacts of population ageing and high technology on the growth in outpatient service, inpatient service, and prescription drug expenditures in a health care system that has experienced a...

We study the role of occupational tasks as drivers of West German wage inequality. We match administrative wage data with longitudinal task data, which allows us to account for within-occupation changes in task content over time. We run RIF regression-based decompositions to quantify the...