In the race for international leadership in the field of artificial intelligence, China has been in first place for years - both in terms of the number of AI research contributions and of citations. Since the publication of ChatGPT at the end of 2022 at the latest, this contradicts the general...

In the race for international leadership in the field of artificial intelligence, China has been in first place for years - both in terms of the number of AI research contributions and of citations. Since the publication of ChatGPT at the end of 2022 at the latest, this contradicts the general...

Competition law serves as an important tool for regulation of undertakings. In order to conduct a competition law analysis, one must first define the relevant market. However, this task is becoming more intricate in today’s digital era, especially in relation to so-called zero-price markets....

The value of sales of an undertaking infringing antitrust law is a key determinant of the size of the fine levied by a competition authority. European competition authorities rely only on the turnover the undertaking receives from the products in relation to which the infringing conduct...

As an overall proposition competition law comprises of rules that are planned to ensure the course of the competition to expand consumer welfare. Competition law has developed at a marvellous rate lately because of the gigantic changes in political reasoning and economic conduct that have...

The European Commission's recent draft Notice describes the use of supply-side substitution factors in defining relevant markets for the application of competition law. Expanding a defined market to include goods not substitutable on the demand side, based on the competitive strength of a broad...

The Treaty of Rome, whose eighty-fifth article forbade agreements with the purpose of fixing prices or stifling competition, served as the first vehicle for the introduction of competition law into the Economic Community of Europe. The European Competition Commission was given guidance in using...