Margaret Sanger established the first birth control clinic in New York in 1916. From the mid-1920s, "Sanger clinics" spread over the entire U.S. Combining newly digitized data on the roll-out of these clinics, full-count Census data, and administrative vital statistics, we find that birth...

Margaret Sanger established the first birth control clinic in New York in 1916. From the mid-1920s, "Sanger clinics" spread over the entire U.S. Combining newly digitized data on the roll-out of these clinics, full-count Census data, and administrative vital statistics, we find that birth...

Most industrialized countries today are facing historical demographic changes, paring increasing retirement with a declining labor force. We study the consequences of an increasing pensioner-worker ratio in a macroeconomic framework, which suggests a negative effect on total factor productivity....

This article explores the potential of the Complementary Pension Scheme (RPC) as a means to increase private savings and ensure secure retirement in the context of an aging population. Using the Lee-Carter method, it is projected that 1.4 million Brazilians could join the RPC by 2030, with...

The accelerating fertility decline in the most gender‐equal countries of the world seemingly contradicts the central tenet of macro‐level theories that predict high fertility in the presence of gender equality. We offer a comprehensive assessment of the individual behavior from which these...

What sparked humanity's leap from stagnation to prosperity? What lies at the core of inequality among nations? Unified Growth Theory explores the evolution of societies over the entire course of human history. It uncovers the universal wheels of change that have governed the journey of humanity,...