With five years remaining to reach the year 2030, only 17% of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been achieved. Due to Multinational Enterprises' (MNEs) considerable influence on the global economy and their impact on global sustainability, it is important to examine how MNEs...

Many emerging markets and developing economies face elevated debt vulnerabilities and financing needs. Following the 2020-21 surge in debt levels associated with the COVID-19 shock, and the subsequent tightening in global financial conditions, many emerging markets and developing economies...

We develop a spatial dynamic general equilibrium model of a small open agricultural economy to study the impact of global food, fuel and fertilizer price shocks on consumption patterns of heterogeneous households located in different regions, under alternative fiscal responses, including direct...