In this paper I discuss the effectiveness of foreign aid from a historical perspective. I show that foreign aid is a relatively new concept in economics, and I emphasize the role of exchange rate policies in the foreign aid controversies of the 1970s through 1990s. I show that in the early 1980s...

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme — despite its failings and dismissals by prominent economists as a “dole” — is in consonance with the idea of sustainable development whose important cardinal components are economic, social and environmental sustainability

This is Report of a study to identify development intervention requirements for three mountain districts of Manipur, India. These districts are institutionally different from the others and geographically mountainous. Besides absence of measurable data is also a big problem. The Report...

With the transformation of Chinese economy from extensive growth to intensive development, city development is also gradually turning from incremental construction to stock management. Community, as the basic unit of human settlements, is the important platform to build and improve the social...

In 2001, the Town and Country Planning Act 1976 (Act 172) was amended through Act A1129 (2001). The amendments included provisions to allow four levels of government involvement (Federal, Regional, State and Local Authority) in spatial planning, with the intention of establishing a more...

The article reflects the main approaches on formation of the general system for managerial staff training and advanced training for local authorities and rural economy. It suggests new educational programmes for mastering technologies of public and corporate management taking into account local...

OVERVIEW Chad approved its National Development Plan (NDP) for the period 2013-15 in May 2013. The NDP is considered the third poverty reduction strategy for Chad, following the ones adopted for the periods 2003-06 and 2008-11. It focuses on a sensible set of priorities, notably on (i)...