given consecutive digits (significant digits) appears in the b-adic expansion of X approaches b &supk; as the block moves to … least significant digits to uniform, complementing recent tests for leading significant digits based on Benford's law. …

proposed with Benford’s law, a distribution which describes the probability of significant digits in many empirical … observations. If Benford-distributed digits are expected and empirical observations deviate from this law, the difference yields …

with Benford’s law, a distribution which describes the probability of significant digits in many empirical observations. If … Benford-distributed digits are expected and empirical observations deviate from this law, the difference yields evidence for …

Digits in statistical data produced by natural or social processes are often distributed in a manner described by … on the supposition that first, second, third, and other digits in real data follow the Benford distribution while the … digits in fabricated data do not. Is it possible to apply Benford tests to detect fabricated or falsified scientific data as …