Minimal neighbour designs (NDs) are used when a response of a treatment (direct effect) is affected by the treatment(s) applied in the neighbouring units. Minimal generalised NDs are preferred when minimal NDs cannot be constructed. Through the method of cyclic shifts (Rule I), the conditions...

In 2020, Belgian ports generated € 31.8 billion in direct and indirect value added (7% of Belgian GDP) and employed 254 611 full-time equivalents (FTEs) either directly or indirectly (5.9% of Belgian domestic employment including the self-employed). Despite the COVID-19 outbreak, direct...

Typically, the explanatory variables included in a regression model, in conjunction with the omitted relevant regressors implied by the usual error term, have both direct and indirect effects on the dependent variable. Attempts to obtain their separate estimates have been plagued with...

Typically, the explanatory variables included in a regression model, in conjunction with the omitted relevant regressors implied by the usual error term, have both direct and indirect effects on the dependent variable. Attempts to obtain their separate estimates have been plagued with...

In 2020, Belgian ports generated € 31.8 billion in direct and indirect value added (7% of Belgian GDP) and employed 254 611 full-time equivalents (FTEs) either directly or indirectly (5.9% of Belgian domestic employment including the self-employed). Despite the COVID-19 outbreak, direct...

The main purpose of this Working Paper is providing an overview of the economic importance of the Flemish maritime ports, the Liège port complex and the port of Brussels over the period 2014–2019 in terms of value added, employment and investment based on annual account figures. In 2019,...

The main purpose of this Working Paper is providing an overview of the economic importance of the Flemish maritime ports, the Liège port complex and the port of Brussels over the period 2014-2019 in terms of value added, employment and investment based on annual account figures. In 2019,...

This Working Paper provides an extensive overview of the economic importance and development of the Flemish maritime ports, the Liège port complex and the port of Brussels for the period 2013 - 2018 in terms of value added, employment and investment. Each of these ports play a major role in...

This paper extends the evaluation of direct and indirect treatment effects, i.e., mediation analysis, to the case that outcomes are only partially observed due to sample selection or outcome attrition. We assume sequential conditional independence of the treatment and the mediator, i.e., the...