Estimates from a directional output distance function are used to construct a risk/return frontier that defines the best-practice management technology for Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). We model REIT performance as a production process in which each REIT produces a desirable output...

Halme et al., Management Science, 45, 103–115 (1999) have proposed Value Efficiency Analysis as an approach to incorporate preference information in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Generally, a value function includes only ordinal information and thus a value efficiency score does not provide...