Equality between women and men has been a human rights issue in every social, political and economical discussion and the same has been marred with the same ideology that women continue to encounter obstacles in trying to bridge the existing inequality gap. What generally amounts to...

Gender and leadership are two different words but Gender discrimination refers to unfair rights between however our society connects this two as "Man can be a male and female based on different gender roles which good leader, but women can't. Infact in addition to the workplace, women are...

Models of statistical discrimination typically assume that employers make rational inferencefrom (education) signals. However, there is a large amount of evidence showing thatmost people do not update their beliefs rationally. We use a model and two experimentsto show that employers who are...

In the past two decades gender pay differences have narrowed considerably and a declining significance of gender has pervaded the labor market in numerous ways. This paper contends that in the first several decades of the twentieth century there was a rising significance of gender. The emergence...

There is growing attention to discrimination in the media and the arts with explicit policies put in place to guarantee salary and representation for specific groups. However, the empirical support for such policies is limited. In this paper we examine book publishing using detailed micro-data...

Using detailed administrative data that allow us to hold gender, education, productivity, timeliness, and work quality constant, we document that minority patent examiners at the U.S. patent office face substantial glass ceilings and pay gaps. The promotion gap relative to White examiners...

Platforms often use fee discrimination within their marketplace (e.g., Amazon, eBay, and Uber specify a variety of merchant fees). To better understand the impact of marketplace fee discrimination, we develop a model that allows us to determine equilibrium fee and category decisions that depend...

This article presents a theory of labor discrimination based on the behavior of economic agents that maximize utility and profits. The article makes use of a monopsony that hires workers that have the same labor productivity, to focus on perfect discrimination; discrimination by quantities of...

This paper presents estimates of the effects of unions on the wages of young black and white males who are both union and nonunion workers. It also presents estimates of union effects on employment for these groups, as well as their union membership rates. While unions have a very substantial,...

This paper reports on a small-scale audit study that investigates sex discrimination in restaurant hiring. Comparably matched pairs of men and women applied for jobs as waiters and waitresses at 65 restaurants in Philadelphia. The 130 applications led to 54 interviews and 39 job offers. The...