If the costs and benefits of discriminating at the hiring stage differ from those at the retention and promotion stages, as recent evidence suggests, the effect of an individual's race on a firm's hiring decision should differ from its effect on the firm's retention and promotion decisions. This...

The authors, in order to sift through the increasingly muddy waters of affirmative action, provide an overview of the development of permissible preferential treatment based on race, national origin, or gender in the forty years since Title VII was enacted. The article discusses the state of the...

The recent “reverse” discrimination decisions by the Supreme Court involving the admissions decision-making policies at the University of Michigan illustrate the underlying need for private and public entities to justify the need to reach or maintain diversity within an organization....

The report offers an overview of the protection from discrimination under 1950 European Convention on Human Rights and the 1961 European Social Charter, as well as the 1966 Revised European Social Charter, which are the main human rights treaties of the Council of Europe. The report seeks to...