Advances in the relative labor market position of black men stagnated in the 1980s, after nearly four decades of steady improvement. The structural change of the early 1980s was particularly costly for black men. Past research shows that black men faced a substantially higher risk of job...

Case studies in Canada, Australia, and the U.S. have found that pay equity (or comparable worth) has reduced the gender-based wage gap substantially, and results of research on the gender composition of jobs have been used in guiding pay equity implementation. But, in general, the racial...

The objective of this paper is to go beyond the controversy concerning affirmative action by examining its success in advancing the economic well-being of the two numerical most important groups that it has been designed to assist: women and black people. It concludes that affirmative action...

The article deals with the implementation of equal opportunities and positive action in the field of work in France. After presenting a few characteristic trends of the evolution of the status of women on the labor market, the author presents the legal and policy framework of professional...

In recent years employers in Britain have taken up equal opportunity policies more widely, and structural changes in the economy have generally favored women. Against this, the pursuit of labor market deregulation is generally thought to impact adversely on women. This paper considers the...

Using data on academic economists in the years 1973, 1977, 1982, and 1987, the authors investigate gender differences in placement and their consequences for departmental productivity. The initial analysis shows that in the years studied, the departments that were highest-ranked on a measure of...

The Equal Employment Opportunity Act (EEOA) of 1972 extended civil rights coverage to employers with 15-24 employees, while leaving unaffected the civil rights protection for employees of larger firms. In conjunction with pre-existing state fair employment practice (FEP) laws, the EEOA provides...