from the current level. The study uses an output distance function approach and its duality with the revenue function to …

-input multi-output approach, based on the use of a stochastic output distance function and assuming non-neutral technical change …

distance function is used to construct adjusted Malmquist-Luenberger productivity indexes which simultaneously account for the …

with output-distance function. Here the linear programming approach is adopted to estimate the shadow prices and distance …

-complements, distance function. JEL classification codes: H2 Acknowledgements: The initial work for this article has been made … , which is defined as ()( ()() ) ,, ,, ij ij ij DuDu DuD u ρ ≡ cc cc ,ij FC∈ where is the distance function (Deaton … constant, i.e. if ( )00( ) ij ijρ ≥< ≠. The two concepts are linked since the distance function may be defined from the full …