Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy is a promising source of electricity generation, but still at a relatively high cost. Nevertheless, distributed photovoltaic generation does not compete for land use, as it is incorporated into existing buildings, and should be analyzed from the standpoint of the...

In this paper we introduce an enhanced methodology to determine the optimal control strategy for a complex trigeneration plant. The plant is designed to meet the thermal and electrical loads of a user and is connected to the electrical grid. We consider a single working-day and the plant...

DC microgrids will be an important part of the future electrical power systems, i.e., smart grids. Similar to the other power systems, one of the important issues of dc microgrids is the fulfillment of the optimal power sharing. In this paper, a practical, modular, robust, highly reliable,...

This research explores the techno-economic potential for a predominantly renewable electricity-based microgrid serving an industrial-sized drink water plant in the Netherlands. Grid-connected and stand-alone microgrid scenarios were modeled, utilizing measured wind speed and solar irradiation...

Information about the patterns that govern the energy demand and onsite generation can generate significant savings in the range of 15–30% in most cases and thus is essential for the management of commercial building energy systems. Predominantly, heating and cooling in a building as well as...