The sensor nodes in wireless sensor network are deployed to function in faraway locations. On the basis of network setup WSN can be: Flat, Hierarchical or cluster based network. The diverse benefits of cluster based networks are efficient utilization of energy, improved data communication,...

With the increasing penetration of electric-based system to enhance the urban lifestyle, the demand on the city grid is increasing. To compensate the increasing demand on the grid, electricity generation needs to raise. As most of the generations are fossil fuel based conventional power plants...

High demand for photovoltaic (PV), battery, and small-scale combined heat and power (CHP) technologies are driving a virtuous cycle of technological improvements and cost reductions in off grid electric systems that increasingly compete with the grid market. Using a case study in the Upper...

This chapter discusses the important role of the electric transmission and distribution grid in meeting deep decarbonization goals. The U.S. Deep Decarbonization Pathways Project reports state that meeting the 2050 target of reducing U.S. greenhouse gas emissions 80% below 1990 levels will...

In recent Electrical era, Smart Grid (SG) is rapidly evolving technology. SG consists of smart meter to provide two way communications from consumer to distributor and from distributor to the consumer. Because of this communication, smart meter need to transmit large amount of information. In...