This paper studies the effects of geographical distance on the interconnection agreements between providers participating at Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) in Europe. We assess separately two main issues: the extent of existing clustering, as well as the role of proximity in bilateral...

This review covers the current state of “smart” grid research and demonstration projects. At present, smart elements are making their way into traditional electricity grid systems at every level, from transmission down to distribution. The vast size of the power grid makes the extension of...

Markov Models are of outstanding importance in the performance and reliability evaluation of computer systems and communication networks. In this paper we aim at contributing to the field of Markovian Process Algebras (MPAs). An MPA model is (or may be) the composition of several concurrent...