For arbitrary random walks in any d-dimensional space, a 1/d expansion of the most probable size ratio, i.e., squared radius of gyration s2 divided by 〈s2〉 of open random walks, has been developed, which, at O(1/d3), yields a very good approximation to the exact value for chains (d ⩾ 2)...

Economic, social, engineering, medical as well as financial activities lead very often (from the mathematical point of view) to deterministic optimization problems depending on an unknown probability measure. Evidently, an experience is then employed whenever it is possible. Mostly, it means...