Professional translation services are often perceived as quite expensive and people tend to go for the lowest price possible when commissioning a translation. To stay capable of competing with lay translators, professional translators have to continuously increase the efficiency of their work...

This paper analyzes firms' choices regarding the geographic scope of patent protection within the European patent system. We develop an econometric model at the patent level to quantify the impact of office fees and translation costs on firms' decision to validate a patent in a particular...

This study analyses the characteristics of web translation within the specific context of the multilingual EUROPA website at the Directorate-General for Translation, comparing it with more traditional modes of translation and pinpointing strategies used by translators to localise their texts....

This paper analyses the consequences for the European Patent System (EPS) of the recently ratified London Agreement (LA), which aims to reduce the translation requirements for patent validation procedures in 15 out of 34 national patent offices. The simulations suggest that the cost of patenting...

Data translation and transaction translation aretwo major problems that have to be solved in order toachieve the coexistence of heterogeneous distributed databases. In this paper we discuss the problem oftransaction translation. The nature of the problem isexplored by developing direct...