This study investigates the drivers of competitiveness in African economies. While the macroeconomic perspective focuses on the behavior of the real effective exchange rate (REER), and the international competition framework emphasizes export market shares (EXPS), the business strategy framework...

In this paper, we try to overview some of the main extensions of Michael Por-ter’s competitiveness diamond, considering the complexity of actual interna-tional economic interdependencies, starting with the presumption that activi-ties of multinational firms should be considered as an...