The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease of 2019) pandemic is over; however, the probability of such a pandemic is about 2% in any year. There are international negotiations among almost 200 countries at the World Health Organization (WHO) concerning a global plan to deal with the next pandemic on the...

This paper introduces the class of Proper and Robust Autoregressive Derivative Adaptive (PRADA) models, extending score-driven updates beyond the logarithmic scoring rule to all strictly proper and locally proper scoring rules and strictly consistent scoring functions. PRADA updates reduce an...