Explicit asymptotic bias formulae are given for dynamic panel regression estimators as the cross section sample size N\rightarrow\infty. The results extend earlier work by Nickell (1981) in several directions that are relevant for practical work, including models with unit roots, deterministic...

We explore whether foreign aid affects developing countries' creditworthiness, as proxied by the Institutional Investor's measure of country credit risk. Based on a simple model of international borrowing and lending, we develop the hypothesis that current aid reduces the likelihood of future...

This paper provides a review of recent developments in the theory and evidence of political budget cycles. Specifically, we discuss three areas where significant progress has been made. First, new theoretical explanations (models) have been proposed where political budget cycles arise as the...

The effectiveness of the important role for money in the monetary policy of the European Central Bank (ECB) is usually assessed by looking at time series estimates of the eurozone money demand equation. This implicitly calls for a choice of aggregation method to construct data series long enough...

Explicit asymptotic bias formulae are given for dynamic panel regression estimators as the cross section sample size N approaching infinity. The results extend earlier work by Nickell (1981) and later authors in several directions that are relevant for practical work, including models with unit...

This paper deals with cross section dependence, homogeneity restrictions and small sample bias issues in dynamic panel regressions. To address the bias problem we develop a panel approach to median unbiased estimation that takes account of cross section dependence. The new estimators given here...

We investigate the impact of within-country spatial concentration of economic activity on country-level growth, using cross-section OLS and dynamic panel GMM estimation. Agglomeration is measured alternatively through measures of urbanization and through indices of spatial concentration based on...