China is currently the world’s largest oil importer and is on track to becoming the biggest consumer of liquefied natural gas (LNG). This dependency is viewed as a strategic vulnerability, especially as China’s ties with the USA are worsening and Beijing has growing concerns about...

The present work investigates the links between Ricardian and Sraffian economic analyses and the emerging themes of ecological macroeconomics, namely the impact of global warming and ecological or natural crises, the depletion of non-produced material resources, and the energy transition. The...

We analyze the relationships within the liquid fuels system and its associated supply chain using innovative network filtering methods, namely the Minimum Spanning Tree and Triangulated Maximally Filtered Graph. Our findings reveal that biofuels form robust connections with their feedstocks that...

Sustainable energy is paramount in advancing initiatives about energy conservation and transitioning towards clean, secure, and efficient energy sources. The research objective is to assess the impact of alterations in energy intensity on the socioeconomic development of a country. The study...

Phasing out fossil fuel use in order to limit global warming is an urgent global task. In a new climate law, Finland has set itself the target of being carbon neutral by 2035. Various scenarios and models have been presented on future energy needs and technological methods of production....

This paper provides a comprehensive global, regional, and country-level update of: (i) efficient fossil fuel prices to reflect supply and environmental costs; and (ii) subsidies implied by charging below efficient fuel prices. Globally, fossil fuel subsidies were $7 trillion in 2022 or 7.1...